#1071 – Waiting for Drug Approval, - Ang, mater, ESL Podcast McQuillan Jeff mp3+PDF
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//-->English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1071 – Waiting for Drug ApprovalGLOSSARYdrug– a chemical or herbal substance used to improve one’s health, reducepain, or otherwise make one feel better, usually swallowed, injected, or smoked* This drug has some dangerous side effects, including liver damage.medication– a drug that is only for improving one’s health or reducing pain,especially prescribed by a doctor* Please bring a complete list of all your medications when you come in for yournext appointment with Dr. Pashtun.FDA-approved– approved by the Food and Drug Administration, thegovernment agency responsible for making sure that products sold to and usedby Americans are safe* Sheila is losing weight with the help of some FDA-approved diet pills.experimental– being used as part of a research project or study to determinehow something works and whether it was safe* The astronauts volunteered to go into space in an experimental rocket.fast-tracked– rushed; being done more quickly than usual* They paid more to have their passport applications fast-tracked, because theyneed to arrive by next Friday.to be tested on animals– to try to prove the benefits, risks, and/or safety ofsomething by trying to use it on animals before it is used on humans* The company promises that none of its make-up products are tested onanimals.lab– laboratory; a place where experiments are conducted and new things arecreated, especially for sciences and engineering* All students in the chemistry class have to work in the lab twice a week.clinical trial– a research study that lets doctors observe the effect of a medicineor treatment on a small group of patients before they become available for saleand/or use* The treatment has shown promising results in clinical trials, but the researcherswant to include more subjects in another clinical trial later this year.rigorous– very thorough, detailed, challenging, and technical* Military recruits have to complete a rigorous training program.1These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1071 – Waiting for Drug Approvalreview– the process of observing something in detail, especially in order todetermine whether it is good enough or meets some standard* How long did it take you to conduct a review of the applications?alone– a word used to emphasize that nothing and nobody else was involved;without including anyone or anything else* Living in New York City is so expensive! The rent alone uses up more than 60%of my paycheck!needlessly– without any reason for do something; with no clear purpose* Kristof spent all weekend worrying needlessly about the presentation, only tofind out on Monday that he wouldn’t have to speak at the conference after all.to import– to bring something in from another country in order to sell it; to buysomething from another country* The United States imports many cars from Japan, Korea, and Germanyto circumvent– to go around something; to find a way to avoid the rules andrestrictions against something* Is there any way to circumvent tax laws for money earned overseas?outlaw– a person who breaks the law and avoids being captured* Police and investigators have been searching for that outlaw for years, but theystill haven’t found him.healthy– for one’s body to feel well and without illness or disease* Getting a good night’s sleep, drinking a lot of water, eating fruits andvegetables, and getting enough exercise are all good ways to stay healthy.2These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1071 – Waiting for Drug ApprovalCOMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1.a)b)c)2.a)b)c)Why does Alexander receive his medications in the mail?Because the pharmacy ran out of what he needs.Because it’s cheaper to buy them that way.Because the medications cannot be sold in the U.S.What does Alexander mean when he says, “I have to circumvent the law”?He has the break the law.He has to change the law.He has to find a way to do something that the law doesn’t normally allow.______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?drugThe word “drug,” in this podcast, means a chemical or herbal substance used toimprove one’s help, reduce pain, or otherwise make one feel better, usuallyswallowed, injected, or smoked: “Does your health insurance cover the costs ofthese drugs?” The word “drug” also refers to narcotics, or illegal drugs likemarijuana and heroin: “It’s illegal to sell drugs, especially near schools.” Thephrase “to be drugged” means for someone to be given a drug secretly, usuallyso that the person becomes unconscious (unaware of one’s surroundings):“Hank was drugged at the bar, and when he woke up, he was in an unfamiliarplace and his wallet and cell phone had been stolen.” Finally, the phrase “to belike a drug” means that an activity makes one feel very good and want tocontinue doing it: “For some people, running is like a drug.”aloneIn this podcast, the word “alone” means all by itself; a word used to emphasizethat nothing and nobody else was involved: “If you buy that big truck, gas alonewill cost hundreds of dollars each month.” The word “alone” also means byoneself, without anyone else: “At what age can a child stay home alone for a fewhours?” Or, “Could you please leave me alone for a few minutes?” The phrase“to feel alone” means to feel very unhappy and wanting to be with other people:“Jessie felt alone those first few weeks in a new city.” Finally, the phrase “toleave (something) alone” means to not touch something: “Leave those packagesalone! They aren’t for you.”3These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1071 – Waiting for Drug ApprovalCULTURE NOTEOff-Label Use of MedicationIn the United States, there are two types of medications: “over-the-counter”(OTC) drugs, which can be purchased easily in stores, and “prescriptionmedications,” which are available only with a doctor’s “prescription” (a writtennote from a doctor allowing a patient to buy a medicine that has restrictedavailability, usually because it could be dangerous or addictive). Medications arelabeled with “indications” (reasons for taking the medicine) and recommended“dosages” (the amount of medicine that should be taken, and how often). All ofthe text on the “label” (the information found on the container in which themedicine is sold) is developed and agreed to by the “pharmaceutical company”(the company that develops, manufactures, and sells the drug) and the Food andDrug Administration (FDA), and cannot be changed.But sometimes people “disregard” (choose not to follow or pay attention to) theinformation on the label. Instead, they “alter” (change) the use of the drug in whatis called “off-label use of medication,” because they are using it in a way that isnot described on the label. Off-label use could involve using the medicine to treata medical condition that isn’t included in the official indications. It could alsomean using the medicine for an unapproved age group, with an unapproveddosage, or with an unapproved form of “administration” (how something is givento a patient).For example, some “stimulants” (substances that make parts of the body movemore quickly or make one feel more awake) are approved for treating attentiondeficit disorder (ADD; a condition that makes it difficult for children toconcentrate) in children. Doctors often prescribe those same stimulants to treatattention difficulties in adults, even though those the drugs have not beenapproved for that use with adults.______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – c; 2 – c4These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1071 – Waiting for Drug ApprovalCOMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 1,071 – Waiting forDrug Approval.This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 1,071. I’m your host, Dr.Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful Los Angeles, California.Visit our website at ESLPod.com. Become a member of ESL Podcast. When youdo, you can download a Learning Guide for this episode.This episode is a dialogue between Florence and Alexander about getting newdrugs, especially new drugs that need to be approved by the government. Let’sget started.[start of dialogue]Florence: A package came for you. I think it’s from overseas.Alexander: Oh, those are my drugs.Florence: You’re buying your medication from overseas?Alexander: I have no choice. This drug isn’t FDA-approved yet.Florence: Isn’t it dangerous to take a drug that isn’t approved?Alexander: Not if it’s been approved in other countries. This drug is consideredexperimental here, but has been used in other countries safely for years.Florence: But shouldn’t you just wait? How long could the process take anyway?Alexander: You have no idea. It can take years for a drug to be approved here,especially those that aren’t fast-tracked.Florence: That’s hard to believe.Alexander: It’s true. First, it has to be tested on animals or in a lab, and then ithas to go through clinical trials. Only then is it put through a rigorous review bythe FDA, which alone can take years.5These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
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