#1074 – Becoming a VegetarianVegan, - Ang, mater, ESL Podcast McQuillan Jeff mp3+PDF
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//-->English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1074 – Becoming a Vegetarian/VeganGLOSSARYvegetarian– a person who does not eat meat, usually for religious, moral, orhealth reasons* Melissa is a vegetarian, so she eats a lot of beans and lentils.ethical– related to what is good, moral, and the right thing to do* It isn’t ethical to change the results of your research just because your funderdoesn’t like the findings.dairy– related to or made from milk* Lucas is allergic to milk, so he can’t eat ice cream, cheese, yogurt, or any otherdairy products.animal products– anything made from one or more parts of an animal* Early settlers used animal products for food, clothing, shelter, and tools.by-products –materials made from animal parts, usually created as anunintended consequence of another process* Some farmers are using animal by-products to generate extra income. Forexample, some chicken farmers are selling chicken excrement to other farmers,who use it as fertilizer.vegan– a person who does not eat any animal products, avoiding meat, eggs,and milk* It’s really hard to cook for Eric, because he’s a vegan and can’t have any eggsor milk, even if they are just ingredients in bread.butter– a pale yellow, high-fat spread made from mixing cream for a long time* Would you like butter, jam, or cream cheese on your bagel?cheese– a solid food made from milk, especially that has been aged (left to sitfor a period of time)* Do you prefer cheddar cheese or Swiss cheese on sandwiches?yogurt– a thick, pudding-like food made from slightly sour, fermented milk, oftenflavored with fruit and sugar* Jake often has yogurt and granola for breakfast.1These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1074 – Becoming a Vegetarian/Veganvitamin deficiency– a medical condition of not having enough of a particularvitamin (nutrient) in one’s body, so that one begins to experience healthproblems* Eating lots of fruits and vegetables can prevent vitamin deficiencies.to guard against– to protect oneself from some danger; to prevent somethingbad from happening* The store has installed video cameras to guard against theft.animal-derived– made from animals* Wool sweaters, suede belts, and leather jackets are examples of animal-derived clothing.leather– a material made from the skin of an animal, usually a cow* Do you have a leather wallet, or a cloth wallet?to have second thoughts– to doubt one’s decision; to wonder whether one hasmade the right decision; to consider changing one’s mind* Is it normal to have second thoughts on your wedding day?restriction– a limit on what one can do; a limitation* The government places many restrictions on stores that sell alcohol.fruitarian– a person who eats mainly fruit, usually fruit that falls off a plant ortree or that can be taken from it without harming it* Fruitarians have a really high-fiber diet, but I bet they miss salty flavors.2These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1074 – Becoming a Vegetarian/VeganCOMPREHENSION QUESTIONS1.a)b)c)2.a)b)c)Why is Ashley thinking of becoming a vegetarian?Because it will be less expensive.Because many of her friends are vegetarians.Because she thinks it is wrong to eat animals.What does Paul mean when he asks, “Are you having second thoughts?”He wants to know if she is reconsidering her decision.He wants to know if she has thought about this deeply.He wants to know if she hears an echo.______________WHAT ELSE DOES IT MEAN?cheeseThe word “cheese,” in this podcast, means a solid food made from milk,especially one that has been aged (left to sit for a period of time): “Mozzarella,parmesan, and ricotta cheese are common in Italian cuisine.” The word “cheesy”means with a lot of cheese: “This pizza is really cheesy!” Informally, “cheesy”means insincere and unpleasant: “He nervously told cheesy jokes, trying to keeppeople entertained as they waited.” And “cheesy” can also describe somethingthat has poor quality and is inexpensive: “Why did those actors agree to be partof such a cheesy film?” Finally, people often say the word “cheese” immediatelybefore they are photographed, because it makes their mouth form a smile: “Thephotographer asked the children to look at the camera and say ‘cheese.’”to guard againstIn this podcast, the phrase “to guard against” means to protect oneself fromsome danger, or to prevent something bad from happening: “The best way toguard against the common cold is to wash your hands many times throughoutthe day.” The verb “to guard” means to watch over a person or place to protect itand keep it safe: “Someone is always guarding the President of the UnitedStates.” Or, “Could you please guard my laptop computer while I go to therestroom?” Finally, the verb “to guard” can also mean to monitor a prisoner sothat he or she behaves well and does not escape: “The prisoners are allowed togo outside for one hour each day, but they are heavily guarded by prison staff.”3These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1074 – Becoming a Vegetarian/VeganCULTURE NOTETypes of VegetarianismThere are many types of vegetarianism, and some are considered easier to“adopt” (make part of one’s lifestyle) than others. For example, a “pescatarian” issomeone who eats fish, but not other types of meat. So a pescatarian can eatsalmon, tuna, and possibly “shellfish” (ocean animals like shrimp, clams, andoysters), but not beef, pork, or chicken. Many people first become pescatariansas they slowly “transition” (change from one thing to another) into becomingvegetarians or vegans.A “flexitarian” or a “semi-vegetarian” is someone who eats as a vegetarian mostof the time, but “occasionally” (sometimes, but not often) eats meat.A “lacto-ovo-vegetarian” is what most people think of when they hear the word“vegetarian”: someone who does not eat meat, but does eat eggs and dairyproducts. A “lacto-vegetarian” eats dairy products, but not meat or eggs. An “ovo-vegetarian” eats eggs, but not meat or dairy products.As discussed in today’s episode, a “vegan” is someone who does not eat anymilk, eggs, dairy products, or anything derived from dairy products, including“gelatin” (a substances that thickens foods like pudding, jams, and Jello-O),because it is made from animal “collagen” (a substance found in connectivetissues).Finally, a “raw vegan” or someone who follows a “raw food diet” is a person whoeats only “raw” (uncooked) foods. Raw vegans believe that the process ofcooking foods removes some or all of the nutrition, or may even harm the body.______________Comprehension Questions Correct Answers: 1 – c; 2 – a4These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.English as a Second Language Podcastwww.eslpod.comESL Podcast 1074 – Becoming a Vegetarian/VeganCOMPLETE TRANSCRIPTWelcome to English as a Second Language Podcast number 1,074 – Becominga Vegetarian.This is English as a Second Language Podcast episode 1,074. I’m your host, Dr.Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational Development inbeautiful Los Angeles, California.Visit our website at ESLPod.com.This episode is a dialogue between Ashley and Paul about people who don’t eatmeat. Let’s get started.[start of dialogue]Ashley: I’m thinking of becoming a vegetarian. I think it would be the ethical thingto do.Paul: Are you going to eat eggs and dairy? If you’re doing this for ethicalreasons, you really should avoid anything made with animal products or animalby-products.Ashley: I guess you’re right.Paul: Then you’re going to be a vegan. You won’t be able to eat any milk, butter,cheese, or yogurt.Ashley: Really? I guess I’ll have to be a vegan then.Paul: You’ll have to eat a varied diet so you don’t have a vitamin deficiency.Ashley: Yes, I’ll have to guard against that.Paul: Are you going to avoid buying things that are animal-derived, too? Likeleather shoes and belts?Ashley: I hadn’t thought of that. I suppose I should.Paul: Are you having second thoughts?Ashley: No, I just didn’t know there would be so many restrictions.5These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2015). Posting ofthese materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
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