[Spr.] Jensen-Jarolim, MEDIZIN(1)
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
1.
Der Ösophagus ....................................................................................................11
1.1. Physiologische Funktion: Schluckakt .............................................................11
1.1.1. Schluckakt......................................................................................................12
1.2. Pathophysiologie............................................................................................12
1.2.1. Motilitätsstörungen .........................................................................................12
1.2.1.1. Divertikel..................................................................................................12
1.2.2. Hiatushernien .................................................................................................14
1.2.2.1.
Nerval- funktionelle Motilitätsstörungen...................................................15
1.2.2.2.
Achalasie-Megaösophagus .....................................................................15
1.2.2.3.
Morbus Chagas .......................................................................................16
1.2.2.4.
Diffuser Ösophagusspasmus ..................................................................17
1.2.3.
Refluxkrankheit: GERD ..................................................................................18
1.2.4.
Ösophaguskarzinome ....................................................................................20
1.2.5.
Ösophagusvarizen .........................................................................................21
2.
Magen...................................................................................................................22
2.1. Funktionen .....................................................................................................22
2.1.1. Magensaft-Sekretion ......................................................................................24
2.1.2. Schutzfunktion vor Selbstverdauung..............................................................25
2.2. Pathophysiologie............................................................................................26
2.2.1. Beschleunigte Magenentleerung und Dumpings ...........................................26
2.2.2. Gastritiden......................................................................................................28
2.2.2.1. Akute Gastritis .........................................................................................28
2.2.2.2. Stressulkus ..............................................................................................29
2.2.2.3. Chronische Gastritis ................................................................................29
2.2.2.3.1. Typ A: Autoimmungastritis ................................................................30
2.2.2.3.1.1. Perniziöse Anämie ......................................................................30
2.2.2.3.2. Typ B: Bakterielle Gastritis................................................................32
2.2.2.3.3. Typ C: Corpus-Gastritis (80%) ..........................................................34
2.2.2.4. Chronische Ulkuserkrankung ..................................................................35
2.2.3. Magenkarzinom..............................................................................................38
2.2.3.1.
Biotransformation ....................................................................................38
2.2.3.2.
Helicobacter und Magen-Karzinom .........................................................40
3.
Intestinum .............................................................................................................42
3.1. Anatomie und Histologie des Dünndarmes....................................................42
3.2. Verdauung......................................................................................................45
3.2.1. Transportprinzipien ........................................................................................45
3.2.2. Kohlenhydratverdauung .................................................................................46
3.2.2.1.
Proteinverdauung ....................................................................................48
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