[b] Balot R.K. Greek Political Thought (Blackwell, mysl polityczna
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© 2006 by Ryan Balot
BLACKWELL PUBLISHING
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First published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
1 2006
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Balot, Ryan K. (Ryan Krieger), 1969–
Greek political thought / Ryan K. Balot.
p. cm.—(Ancient cultures)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0029-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-0029-X (hardcover : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0030-4 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 1-4051-0030-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Political science—Greece—History. I. Title. II. Series: Ancient
cultures (Malden, Mass.)
JC73.B225 2006
320’.0938—dc22
2005013070
A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.
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Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
viii
Abbreviations
xii
1
Introduction: How to Do Greek Political
Thought
1
2
Archaic Greece and the Centrality of Justice
16
Achilles, Agamemnon, and Fair Distribution
17
Justice as “Distinctively Human”
20
Institutions and Values of the Early Polis
22
What is Justice? The Voice of the Oppressed and the
Origins of Political Thought
24
The Egalitarian Response
29
The Elitist Response
31
Case Study: Sparta and the Politics of “Courage”
37
A Second Case Study: Archaic Athens and the Search
for Justice
41
3
Democratic Political Thinking at Athens
48
Evidence and Sources
49
Democracy Ancient and Modern
51
Democratic Conceptions of Freedom
57
Democratic Deliberation
63
Courage, Trust, and Leadership
68
vi
Contents
Democratic Political Thought outside Athens?
73
Protagorean Arguments for Democracy
74
Democratic Conceptions of Equality
78
Justice and the Demos
84
4
Criticizing Democracy in Late Fifth-Century
Athens
86
Mapping out the Problem: The “Old Oligarch”
92
Modern and Ancient Quandaries
97
Nomos
and
Phusis
98
The Challenge of Thrasymachus and Callicles
105
Thucydidean Imperialists Revisit
Nomos
and
Phusis
110
Socrates and
Nomos
113
Logos
and
Ergon
120
Democratic Epistemology and Relativism
122
Democratic Epistemology and Untrustworthy
Rhetoric – or, Where Does the Truth Lie?
126
Socrates and Athens
131
5
Imperialism
138
Aristotle Analyzes Imperialism
138
Deinitions and History
141
Monarchic Imperialism
146
Natural Superiority?
154
Debating Athenian Imperialism
156
Final Thoughts
170
6
Fourth-Century Revisions
177
The Ancestral Republican “Solutions” 179
The Monarchic “Solution” 184
Plato’s “Solutions” 187
Criticizing Contemporary Politics 188
Plato on Rhetoric and Order in the
Gorgias
191
The Priority of Reason in City and Soul: Plato’s
Republic
197
Educating Citizens in the Classical Context
201
Politics and Ethics
202
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